How to Export Goods from the UK: A Simple Step-by-Step Guide

Step 1. Check If Export Rules Apply to You

You must follow export procedures when moving goods permanently from:

• Great Britain (England, Scotland, Wales) to a country outside the UK
• Northern Ireland to a country outside the UK and the EU

⚠️ Different rules apply if you’re:

• Moving goods between Great Britain and Northern Ireland
• Posting goods
• Taking a small quantity abroad in person to sell
• Taking goods temporarily (e.g. for an exhibition or repair)

For unusual cases, refer to the official GOV.UK export guidance.

Step 2: Check the Rules for Your Specific Goods

Find out if the goods you’re exporting are subject to restrictions, duties, or licensing. Check whether the destination country requires any special documentation.

You may need export licences if you’re sending:

• Animals or animal products
• Plants or plant products
• Chemicals, drugs, or medicines
• Military items or firearms
• Art, antiques, or cultural goods

For detailed information, consult the Export Control Joint Unit.

Step 3: Register Your Business for Exporting

Before exporting, your business must have the correct registrations:

• EORI number starting with ‘GB’ – for exporting from Great Britain
• EORI number starting with ‘XI’ – if trading with or from Northern Ireland
• VAT registration – if required based on your turnover or business type

You may also want to look into using simplified declarations or the Common Transit Convention to speed up customs procedures.

Apply for an EORI number and check eligibility on the GOV.UK website.

Step 4: Confirm the Importer Can Receive the Goods

Ensure the person or business you’re sending goods to can legally import them into their country. They may need:

• An import licence or certificate
• To make an import declaration

Delays at this stage can disrupt the delivery — always check in advance.

Step 5: Decide Who Will Handle Customs and Shipping

You have two options:

• Use a professional, such as a freight forwarder or customs agent
• Do it yourself using online customs declaration services

Many businesses choose to hire a professional for peace of mind. If you prefer the DIY route, you’ll need to understand how to use the Customs Declaration Service (CDS) and prepare all the documentation.

Find help on the GOV.UK page about customs intermediaries.

Step 6: Classify Your Goods Properly

You’ll need to find the correct commodity code for your goods. This determines:

• The duty and VAT payable
• Whether any restrictions or licences apply

Use the UK Trade Tariff Tool or ask your customs agent to classify the goods for you.

Step 7: Prepare Your Invoice and Paperwork

Create a commercial invoice that includes:

• Sale price or market value
• Freight and insurance costs (if applicable)
• Your EORI number
• The commodity code

Also include:

• Any necessary licences or certificates
• Proof of origin, if required (to benefit from reduced tariffs)

See rules of origin guidance for more details.

Step 8: Submit an Export Declaration

Use the Customs Declaration Service (CDS) to file your export declaration. Make sure:

• All documentation is accurate
• Any third-party handling the shipment is properly instructed

If you’re using a customs agent, they will usually handle this step.

More info: Customs Declaration Service on GOV.UK.

Step 9: Keep Records and Stay Compliant

After exporting:

• Keep all invoices, shipping documents, and customs declarations
• If you’re VAT-registered, record the exports in your VAT return (exports are often zero-rated)
• For controlled goods, keep compliance and ownership records

You’re legally required to store certain records for several years, depending on the type of goods and transactions.

Final Tip: Start Simple, Stay Organised

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